Perimenopause

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Perimenopause is the phase before menopause actually takes place, when ovarian hormone production is declining and fluctuating, causing a host of symptoms.

Some clinicians maintain that perimenopause can last for as long as 5 to 15 years, while others refer to perimenopause as that period which is a 3 to 4 year span (and oftentimes even longer) just before menopause. Either way, many women experience more symptoms during perimenopause than after menopause. Because this often happens at an age between 35 and 45, many women's symptoms are overlooked or ignored by their healthcare providers.

During the perimenopausal transition, a woman's menstrual cycle may become disrupted and estrogen levels can fluctuate a great deal - either very high or very low. When estrogen is dominant (high levels) women can experience sensations of enlarged and tender breasts with bloating and irritability. If estrogen levels decline and are quite low, many women notice hot flashes, confused thinking or lack of concentration, memory difficulties and vaginal dryness. Due to the fluctuation in hormone levels, women may experience cycles in which no ovulation occurs and as a result, no progesterone is produced to counteract the effects of the estrogen and to stabilize period regularity. This may result in a lack of bleeding during what should be a period, followed by heavy bleeding, which may be accompanied by severe cramps. These changes in menstruation can take on many forms, including longer cycles, shorter cycles, missed periods, heavier or lighter periods, flooding and phantom periods.

As many women age, they begin to experience weight gain due to declining hormone levels. Additionally, most premenopausal women experience changes in their menstrual cycle. When estrogen levels begin to drop, the follicular phase of the cycle may be shortened, and this can shorten the total cycle from 28–30 days to 24–26 days, resulting in more frequent periods. On the other hand, some women begin having longer cycles because they are not ovulating as frequently. These changes can be quite different on an individual basis.

For additional information regarding symptoms and solutions relating to menopause, click here.

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